Tool is used in the manufacture of cutting tools, also known as
cutting tools. Generalized cutting tools include both cutting tools,
including abrasive. The vast majority of the tools are machine-use, but
there are hand-used. As the machinery used in the manufacture of cutting
tools are basically used for cutting metal materials, the "tool" is
generally understood as a metal cutting tool. Cutting wood with the
knife is called woodworking tools.
Tool development in the history of human progress occupies an important position. China as early as 28 BC to the 20th century, there have been brass cone and copper cone, drill, knife and other copper tools. The late Warring States (the third century BC), due to master the carburizing technology, made of copper cutter. Drills and saws at the time were somewhat similar to modern flat drills and saws.
However, the rapid development of tools in the late 18th century, accompanied by the development of the steam engine and other machines. In 1783, the first system in France, Lenei milling cutter. In 1792, the United Kingdom of Mozley made tap and die. The earliest documentation of the invention of twist drills was in 1822, but it was not produced as a commodity until 1864.
The tool was manufactured with a high-carbon tool steel, allowing cutting speeds of about 5 m / min. In 1868, the United Kingdom's Moussheart made of tungsten alloy tool steel. In 1898, the United States and Taylor. Wright invented high-speed steel. In 1923, Germany's Schlötel invented cemented carbide.
In the use of alloy tool steel, the carbide cutting tool speed increased to about 8 m / min, using high-speed steel, but also increased more than twice, to the use of carbide, high-speed steel than with more than twice, Of the workpiece surface quality and dimensional accuracy is also greatly improved.
As the high-speed steel and carbide prices are more expensive, the tool appears welding and mechanical clamping structure. From 1949 to 1950, the United States began turning tools on the use of indexable blade, and soon applied to the cutter and other tools. In 1938, the German company to obtain on the ceramic cutting tool Dagusa patent. In 1972, the United States General Electric Company produced polycrystalline synthetic diamond and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride blade. These non-metallic tool materials allow the tool to be cut at higher speeds.
In 1969, the Swedish Sandvik steel mills to obtain by chemical vapor deposition, the production of titanium carbide-coated carbide blade patent. In 1972, the United States and the development of the Bangsha Raghulan physical vapor deposition method, in the hard alloy or high-speed steel cutting tools coated with titanium carbide or titanium nitride hard layer. Surface coating method to the matrix material of high strength and toughness, and the surface of the high hardness and wear resistance combined, so that the composite material has better cutting performance.
Tool development in the history of human progress occupies an important position. China as early as 28 BC to the 20th century, there have been brass cone and copper cone, drill, knife and other copper tools. The late Warring States (the third century BC), due to master the carburizing technology, made of copper cutter. Drills and saws at the time were somewhat similar to modern flat drills and saws.
However, the rapid development of tools in the late 18th century, accompanied by the development of the steam engine and other machines. In 1783, the first system in France, Lenei milling cutter. In 1792, the United Kingdom of Mozley made tap and die. The earliest documentation of the invention of twist drills was in 1822, but it was not produced as a commodity until 1864.
The tool was manufactured with a high-carbon tool steel, allowing cutting speeds of about 5 m / min. In 1868, the United Kingdom's Moussheart made of tungsten alloy tool steel. In 1898, the United States and Taylor. Wright invented high-speed steel. In 1923, Germany's Schlötel invented cemented carbide.
In the use of alloy tool steel, the carbide cutting tool speed increased to about 8 m / min, using high-speed steel, but also increased more than twice, to the use of carbide, high-speed steel than with more than twice, Of the workpiece surface quality and dimensional accuracy is also greatly improved.
As the high-speed steel and carbide prices are more expensive, the tool appears welding and mechanical clamping structure. From 1949 to 1950, the United States began turning tools on the use of indexable blade, and soon applied to the cutter and other tools. In 1938, the German company to obtain on the ceramic cutting tool Dagusa patent. In 1972, the United States General Electric Company produced polycrystalline synthetic diamond and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride blade. These non-metallic tool materials allow the tool to be cut at higher speeds.
In 1969, the Swedish Sandvik steel mills to obtain by chemical vapor deposition, the production of titanium carbide-coated carbide blade patent. In 1972, the United States and the development of the Bangsha Raghulan physical vapor deposition method, in the hard alloy or high-speed steel cutting tools coated with titanium carbide or titanium nitride hard layer. Surface coating method to the matrix material of high strength and toughness, and the surface of the high hardness and wear resistance combined, so that the composite material has better cutting performance.
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